During the Russian Civil War, which foreign powers intervened on the side of the Whites?

• A. Britain and France stayed neutral while the US supported the Reds.
• B. The United States joined the Reds with naval blockades.
• C. Britain, France, Japan, and the United States intervened to support the Whites.
• D. All foreign powers remained neutral throughout the conflict.

Answer: (D)

Foreign powers did intervene in the Russian Civil War, backing anti-Bolshevik White forces in different theaters. Britain and France contributed troops and naval support in the north and in European theater, while Japan and the United States provided forces and matériel in the Far East and Siberia. Their motives ranged from containing Bolshevik influence to protecting allied interests and trying to reopen fronts against the Bolshevik regime. The intervention was limited and varied by region, and it ultimately did not change the outcome of the war as the Reds prevailed and foreign troops withdrew.