What happened to the White armies by 1921-1922?

• A. They were suppressed.
• B. They won.
• C. They formed a new government.
• D. They left the country.

Answer: (A)

The main idea here is the outcome of the anti-Bolshevik forces in the Russian Civil War. By 1921–22 the White armies had been suppressed. They never unified into a durable, coordinated push against the Bolsheviks, and the Bolshevik side managed to consolidate power and retake control of key regions. The White forces suffered from infighting, lack of a clear political program that could win broad peasant or urban support, and an inability to match the Red Army’s organization and leadership under Trotsky. Major White fronts—like those in the south, the east, and the northwest—were defeated by 1920, and by 1921–22 the remaining White groups were scattered, defeated, or evacuated, leaving the Bolsheviks in control and paving the way for the creation of the Soviet state.